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- <text id=93HT0047>
- <link 93XP0094>
- <link 93AC0527>
- <link 90TT0863>
- <link 89TT1698>
- <link 89TT0576>
- <title>
- 1920s: Immigration
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1920s Highlights
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- Immigration
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> [In the 1920s, the U.S. for the first time came to grips with
- the fact that it was the most powerful nation in the world, It
- emerged from World War I, which it entered only in 1917 after
- the fighting had already gone on for 2 1/2 years, without having
- undergone the prolonged hemorrhaging of its youth, its resources
- and its ideals suffered by any of the other Allied powers.
- President Woodrow Wilson had played a large role in the
- subsequent peace conference that resulted in the Versailles
- Treaty, whose provisions went into effect on January 10, 1920,
- and had committed his personal prestige and that of his
- administration to the new League of Nations that was going to
- outlaw war and to the internationalist stance that membership
- in such a body implied. But he was disabled by illness while
- campaigning for the League; and while the U.S. did not vacate
- the world stage entirely, the Senate voted to stay out of such
- potentially entangling relationships as the League.
- </p>
- <p> Exposure to the world's quarrels and ideologies in the World
- War, however, gave rise to a renewed and patriotic xenophobia,
- and afterward produced a spasm of domestic debate over what
- America stood for and who was an American. Not leftists--not
- socialists and Reds and Bolshies and anarchists--that was the
- visceral response. Many believed that the Communists who had
- triumphed in Russia would try to take over and undo America's
- freedoms as they were trying to do in Europe.
- </p>
- <p> On the first day of the decade, Justice Department raids
- rounded up some 6,000 aliens, at least some of whom were genuine
- leftists and most of whom were eventually deported. In the
- ensuing "Red scare," there were anti-Bolshevik riots and
- demonstrations, further arrests and deportations; two Italian
- avowed anarchists, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, were
- convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and guard.]
- </p>
- <p>(OCTOBER 8, 1923)
- </p>
- <p> The prospective bill is rather a modification of the present
- immigration law than an attempt at a new law.
- </p>
- <p> 1) Annual immigration quotas of 2% of the aliens of each
- nationality residing in the U.S. according to the census of
- 1890.
- </p>
- <p> 2) An additional annual quota of the same number, to be
- applied only to relatives of persons resident in the U.S.
- </p>
- <p> The significance:
- </p>
- <p> The basing of quotas on the census of 1890 instead of on the
- census of 1890 instead of on the census of 1910 will enlarge
- relatively the quotas from northern Europe, as compared to
- southern, because immigration from the latter region has taken
- place mostly since 1890.
- </p>
- <p> The increase of the gross quota from 3% to 4% is compensated
- for by the fact that under the census of 1890 the figure on
- which each quota will be based is less than the same figure
- under the 1910 census.
- </p>
- <p> The setting aside of half of the allowed immigration for
- relatives of persons already here will favor those families who
- wish to make America their permanent home and decrease the
- hardship to those immigrants who under the present law find it
- difficult to have their families join them in the U.S.
- </p>
- <p>(APRIL 21, 1924)
- </p>
- <p> The bill is generally supported by the West and South,
- admittedly with the backing of the Ku Klux Klan; by organized
- labor which desires to lessen competition with cheap European
- labor; and by those portions of the conservative press which see
- American institutions menaced by "hordes" of Italian, Jewish,
- Polish and southwestern European races, difficult to assimilate
- due to radical divergences of creed, tradition, root language
- and standards of living.
- </p>
- <p> The bill is opposed by "liberals" who are disgusted with the
- Ku Klux and clap-trap Nordic propaganda; by professional
- "friends of every country but their own"; by the foreign
- language press; by the big transatlantic shipping companies with
- a heavy immigrant trade; by large Eastern employers of labor;
- by immigrant lobbies in New York and Washington; and by many
- members of the Roman Catholic faith, who are alarmed by Ku Klux
- linking of "Nordic supremacy" with the Protestant religion or
- are influenced by the consideration that the immigrant races
- most affected (Poles and Italians) are Catholics.
- </p>
- <p> Economically, the measure amounts to a high tariff on foreign
- labor. Its first effect would be to raise the commodity value
- of labor throughout the country. Eventually, it might increase
- the birthrate of the dwindling American-born population, by
- providing superior economic opportunities for the presumptive
- heirs of the national estate.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-